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Insurance key to full protection for port risks


20 July 2009


In these difficult financial times, it is worth remembering that full insurance cover is essential if liability for these risks is to be fully covered.

In the case of Esso Petroleum Co. Ltd v. Hall Russell & Co a defective coupling in the hydraulic system of a tug caused a fire and a failure of a winch during the berthing of an oil tanker. There was a subsequent loss of control of the tanker, which caused damage to the tanker itself and the jetty. There was also a loss of oil. On what was clearly a bad day all round, the booms deployed to contain the oil failed and the oil escaped polluting the coastline and causing damage to the local crofting industry.

The tanker owners began an action against the builders of the tug alleging that the builders should have done more to prevent the accident happening knowing the use to which the tug would be put, in particular it's winches. The builders joined 4 other parties to the action, being the manufacturers of the winches, the tug operators and the tug owners and also the harbour authority alleging negligence on the part of the pilot on the bridge of the tanker.

The matter proceeded to a full hearing. The court found that the inevitable consequence of the tug being incapacitated was the withdrawal of its control over the tanker and hence the damage to the tanker itself, the jetty and the subsequent damage to the environment and the crofters livelihoods as a result of the oil leak were all natural and direct consequences of the tug being put out of action.

So who was to be liable for paying for the damage caused? The court found that it was the tug builders and that the tug operators and owners did not have that liability. The builders of the tug were primarily liable. A huge sigh of relief then for the tug owner and operators.

This was inevitably complex litigation involving a number of parties. The original incident took place in 1977 so leaving aside the natural human concerns of being involved in litigation of this type, the cost in terms of management time to the company would have been substantial and there would be considerable legal fees involved. Hopefully the tug owners and operators were covered for legal expenses. If they weren't or cover was not sufficient substantial legal fees would have been incurred. As a result of the court's findings, costs would have been awarded to the tug owners and operators but that would be subject to an assessment where usually a reduction follows. Increasingly as well, costs are not always awarded to the successful party. Especially if pre-action protocols have not been followed.

Checking insurance policies to ensure that full and proper insurance for legal expenses is in place is therefore essential. Costs will be incurred in any litigation process even if ultimately no liability is established. An FD and D entry with a P & I Club is always to be recommended.

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